Lublin Castle
Description
The Lublin Castle is a medieval castle situated in Lublin, Poland, adjacent to the Old Town district and close to the city center. It is one of the oldest preserved Royal residencies in Poland, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just.
History
The hill on which it is located was first fortified with a wood-reinforced earthen wall in the 12th century. In the first half of the 13th century the stone keep was built which survives to this day and is the tallest building of the castle, as well as the oldest standing building in the whole city. In the 14th century, during the reign of Casimir the Great, the castle was rebuilt with stone walls. Probably at the same time the castle's Holy Trinity church was built to serve as a royal chapel. In the first decades of the 15th-century king Władysław II commissioned a set of wall paintings for the chapel, which were completed in 1418 and are preserved to this day. The author was a Ruthenian Master Andrej, who signed his work on one of the walls. Due to their unique style, mixing Western and Eastern Orthodox influences, they are acclaimed internationally as an important historical monument.
Jogaila kneeling before the Blessed Virgin Mary. Detail of a Ruthenian-Bizantine fresco in the Gothic Holy Trinity Chapel, 1418.Under the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty the castle enjoyed royal favor and frequent stays by members of the royal family. In the 16th century it was rebuilt on a grandiose scale, under the direction of Italian masters brought from Kraków. The most momentous event in the castle's history was the signing in 1569 of the Union of Lublin, the founding act of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
As a consequence of the wars in the 17th century (The Deluge) the castle fell into disrepair. Only the oldest sections, the keep and the chapel, remained intact. After Lublin fell under Russian rule following the territorial settlement of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the government of Congress Poland, on the initiative of Stanisław Staszic, carried out a complete reconstruction of the castle between 1826 and 1828. The new buildings were in English neogothic style, completely different from the structures they replaced, and their new purpose was to house a criminal prison. Only the keep and the chapel were preserved in their original state.
The castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944, when between 40,000 and 80,000 inmates, many of them Polish resistance fighters, passed through the prison. Just before withdrawing in 1944, the Nazis massacred its remaining 300 prisoners. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison of Soviet secret police and later of the People's Republic of Poland, and until 1954 about 35,000 Poles opposing Soviet occupation of their country rule passed through it, of whom 333 lost their lives.
In 1954 the castle prison was finally closed. Following reconstruction and refurbishment, since 1957 it has been the main site of the Lublin Museum.
Street view
Reviews
The museum contained within the castle is one of the best I've ever been to. The ground floor offers many prehistoric to early medieval finds, an assortment of jewellery, tools and bones presented in an honest and straightforward manner, as well as reconstructions describing the way people lived. The reason I write so descriptively about this is because I was personally taken aback by the sheer number of artifacts on display here, all - from the best of my knowledge - originating from the area of the voivodeship.
As you get deeper into the museum the displays become more and more modern, including portraits of famous figures, armour, guns, firearms and swords. One of my favourite exhibits is the map of Lublin, as pictured. Additionally of note is the fragment of a mural depicting a Napoleonic battle, the fragment itself being only a tiny part of the overall picture and yet taking up an entire wall, each character and prop painted in oil in exquisite detail. The point I'm trying to get across - and I'm trying not to go on *too* long of a tangent - is that the museum contains some truly extraordinary pieces.
Briefly, additional exhibits within the museum include assorted gilded Orthodox icons, paintings and bibles; a chronologically organised collection of coins and medals dating as far back as Roman denarii and aurei and as recent as the Second Republic; textiles and traditional dress ranging across Poland on the whole; and early industrial artifacts.
I sincerely and strongly recommend that anybody who visits Lublin who has an interest in history and culture take the time to visit the Castle and explore its museum.
