Oryol Region

Oryol Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. Population: 786,935 (2010 Census).

Geography

It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District, in the Central Russian Upland. Kaluga and Tula Oblasts border it to the north; Bryansk Oblast is located to the west; Kursk Oblast—to the south, and Lipetsk Oblast is to the east. From north to south, it extends for more than 150 km, and from west to east—for over 200 km. In terms of area, at 24,700 square km it is one of the smallest federal subjects.

The climate is temperate. The average January temperature is −8 °C (18 °F) and the average July temperature is +18 °C (64 °F). Rainfall averages 490 to 590 mm, and snow cover averages 126 days.

There are 4,800 square km of black earth soils (chernozems) in the oblast, which amounts to three-quarters of the world chernozem reserves.

History

In the 12th century, chronicles mention Mtsensk, known as Novosil then. Then modern Orlovschina was part of the Chernigov Principality. After the death of Mikhail of Chernigov Novosil Principality was formed on these territories. By the end of the 15th century it had disintegrated into four separate principalities, along with all the other fragments of the Chernigov principality became a part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 16th century, the fortress town of Oryol was founded, restored destroyed in the 13th century, Livny. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory of modern Oryol was the borderland of the Tsardom of Russia, there are many on the strengthening of large defense line. As the reduction of the threat posed by the Tatars, agricultural activity of the area had intensified. It was created in 1937 out of three other oblasts: Kursk Oblast, Western Oblast, and Voronezh Oblast. It also included present Bryansk Oblast between 1937-1944.

Transport

As of 2010, the population of the area was motorization level of 295 cars per 1000 people, which is the 9th of any region of Russia and above the national average (249). Railway. Main line is double track electrified main line Moscow - Kharkiv - Simferopol (136 km through Mtsensk, Oryol and Zmievka Glazunovka).

Pipelines and power transmission lines Routed through the region's largest oil-trunk pipeline Druzhba (202 km in area). In the southwestern part of the area being a small section of the Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod.

Oryol is major hub pipelines including export to Belarus, Western Ukraine and the Baltic states, with branches passing through the Bryansk and Kursk.