Memorial to Panfilov's Twenty-Eight Guardsmen in Dubosekovo
Description
Panfilovtsy— fighters formed in Alma-ATA, Kazakh SSR, and in the city of Frunze, Kirghiz SSR 316th infantry division (later 8th guards), under the command of the military Commissioner of the Kirghiz SSR General-major Ivan Panfilov, who participated in 1941 in the defense of Moscow.
The Most famous soldiers of the division received 28 people ("heroes-Panfilovs" or "28 Panfilov heroes") of the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, 1075 th infantry regiment. According to a widely accepted version of events, November 16, 1941, when he began a new offensive of the enemy to Moscow, the soldiers of the 4th company, led by political instructor V. G. Klochkov, exercising the defenses in the area of the junction Dubosekovo in 7 kilometers South-East of Volokolamsk, made a feat during a 4-hour battle destroyed 18 enemy tanks. All 28 people in the Soviet historiography called heroes died (later they began to write "almost all"). The phrase "Great Russia, and nowhere to retreat— Moscow is behind!", which uttered before his death, the political instructor Klochkov, was included in the Soviet school and university history textbooks.
In 1948 and 1988 the official version of the feat was examined by the Chief military Prosecutor's office of the Soviet Union and recognized as fiction. According to the Director of the State archive of Russia Professor S. V. Mironenko, "28 Panfilov heroes is one of the myths, inculcated by the state." However, the fact that heavy defensive fighting, the 316th rifle division against the 2nd and 11th German Panzer divisions in the Volokolamsk direction 16 November 1941 not contested.
At the same time, the findings of the Chief military Prosecutor's office of the USSR about the fictional exploits also criticised and contested.
In Russia and other former Soviet republics established the stele and other objects with the names of these 28 people, and they are mentioned in the official anthem of Moscow.
Appearance of official version
On the investigation of the Main military Prosecutor's office, about the heroism of the heroes first reported by the newspaper "Krasnaya Zvezda" (The Red Star) on 27 November 1941 in an essay war correspondent V. I. Koroteeva. The article about the participants in the battle said that "killing every one but the enemy didn't pass"; the commander of the detachment, according to Koroteeva, was "Commissioner Diev".
According to other sources, the first publication about the feat appeared on 19 November 1941, just two days after the events at the junction Dubosekovo. The correspondent of "Izvestia" G. Ivanov in his article "the 8th Guards division in the battles of" describes the fight surrounded by one of the companies defending on the left flank 1075 th infantry regiment I. B. Kaprova: knocked out 9 tanks, burned — 3, the rest turned back.
An editorial "The Will of 28 fallen heroes" was published on 28 November in the "Krasnaya Zvezda" where it indicated that enemy tanks fought againts of 28 Panfilovs:
"More than fifty enemy tanks moved to the borders, occupied by twenty-nine Soviet soldiers of Panfilov division... only one of the twenty-nine... only one raised their hands... several guards at the same time, not saying a word, without an order, shot the coward and traitor."
The editorial further stated that the remaining 28 guardsmen destroyed the 18 tanks of the enemy and laid down their lives — all twenty-eight. Died, but did not pass the enemy..." the editorial was written by the literary Secretary of the "red star" Krivitsky. Names of the guardsmen who fought and died, both in the first and second article were not specified.
January 22, 1942 in the newspaper "Red star" Krivitsky placed an essay entitled "About 28 fallen heroes", in which he wrote in detail about the heroism of Panfilovs. In this essay, Krivitsky confident as a witness or a person who has heard the story of the battle participants wrote about personal experiences and the behavior of the guards for the first time calling them names.
All essays and stories, poems of the 28 Panfilovs, which appeared in print later, or written by Krivitsky, or with his participation in various embodiments, repeating his essay "About 28 fallen heroes."
In April 1942, after all the military units learned from the newspapers about the heroism of 28 guardsmen of the Panfilov division, by the initiative of the command of the Western front had brought a petition before the people's Commissar of defense of assigning them the title of hero of the Soviet Union. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942 28 all guards listed in the essay of Krivitsky, were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
A memorial in Dubosekovo village was erected in honor of the 28 Panfilovs in 1975. In the village Nelidovo (1,5 km from the junction Dubosekovo) there is a monument and a Museum of heroes Panfilov.
