Museo di Capodimonte in Naples

Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian schools of painting, and some important ancient Roman sculptures. It is one of the largest museums in Italy.

History

The vast collection at the museum traces its origins back to 1738. During that year King Charles VII of Naples and Sicily (later Charles III, king of Spain) decided to build a hunting lodge on the Capodimonte hill, but then decided that he would instead build a grand palace, partly because his existing residence, the Palace of Portici, was too small to accommodate his court, and partly because he needed somewhere to house the fabulous Farnese art collection which he had inherited from his mother, Elisabetta Farnese, last descendant of the sovereign ducal family of Parma.

Over the years the palace was enlarged and filled with more art. In 1787, on the advice of Jacob Philipp Hackert, a laboratory for the restoration of paintings was created.

When the Parthenopaean Republic was declared in 1799, Ferdinand fled to Palermo on board Nelson's Vanguard, taking the most valuable items from the museum with him. What remained was looted by the French troops of General Championnet who were billeted there during the short life of the Republic in 1799. Later on during the ten years of French reoccupation (1806 to 1815), the art collection was transferred to the Naples National Archaeological Museum. When King Ferdinand returned from Sicily in 1815, he employed many painters and sculptors to work on the redecoration of the palace . It was finally completed in 1840, and a gallery housing contemporary art was added.

After the palace passed in 1861 to the House of Savoy, further pieces were added to the art collections, appointing Domenico Morelli as consultant for new acquisitions. They also added an extensive collection of historic firearms and other weapons. In 1866, the boudoir of Maria Amalia of Saxony was transferred to Capodimonte from the Palace of Portici, and in 1877 a Roman era marble floor was brought in from a Roman villa on Capri.

After the end of the monarchy, the palace became purely a national museum in 1950, with many of the exhibits being returned from the National Museum.

Collection

The first and second floors house the Galleria Nazionale (National Gallery), with paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries including major works by Simone Martini, Raphael, Titian, Caravaggio, Masaccio, Lorenzo Lotto, Giovanni Bellini, Giorgio Vasari, El Greco, Jacob Philipp Hackert and many others. The museum is by far the best place to see paintings of the Neapolitan School, often under-appreciated by the wider world, with large holdings of Jusepe de Ribera, Luca Giordano, the Neapolitan Caravaggisti and many others (see List of works in the Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte). Much of the ground floor is taken up by part of the magnificent Farnese collection of classical, mostly Roman, monumental sculpture, which survives here and in the Naples National Archaeological Museum largely intact.

Elsewhere in the palace the royal apartments are furnished with antique 18th-century furniture and a collection of porcelain and majolica from the various royal residences

Collection Highlights

• Toulouse Altarpiece by Simone Martini. c. 1317

• Crucifixion by Masaccio. c. 1426

• Portrait of Francesco Gonzaga by Andrea Mantegna. c. 1461

• Madonna and Child and Two Angels by Botticelli. c. 1470

• Transfiguration by Giovanni Bellini. c. 1480

• The Misanthrope by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. c. 1568

• Portrait of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese by Raphael. c. 1509–1511

• The Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. c. 1568

• Antea by Parmigianino. c. 1524–1527

• Portrait of Galeazzo Sanvitale by Parmigianino. c. 1524

• The Choice of Hercules by Annibale Carracci. c. 1596

• Pope Paul III and his Grandsons, Titian. c. 1546

• The Flagellation by Caravaggio. c. 1607–1608

• Madonna and Child with Saint Peter Martyr by Lorenzo Lotto. c. 1503

• Baronci Altarpiece by Raphael. c. 1500–1501

• Holy Family with St. John by Parmigianino. c. 1528

• Lucretia by Parmigianino. c. 1540

• A Boy Blowing on an Ember to Light a Candle by El Greco. c. 1570–1572

• Portrait of Giulio Clovio by El Greco. c. 1571–1572

• Mary Magdalena by Titian. c. 1550

• Danae by Titian. c. 1545

• The Annunciation by Titian. c. 1557

• Portrait of Pope Paul III by Titian. c. 1543

• Portrait of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese by Titian. c. 1545–1546

• Charity by Bartolomeo Schedoni. c. 1611

• Ferdinando IV and His Family by Angelica Kauffman. c. 1783

• Mystical Marriage of St. Catherine by Correggio. c. 1520